Transfer
The most effective way to handle risk is to transfer it so that the loss is borne by another party. Insurance is the most common method of transferring risk from an individual or group to an insurance company. Though the purchasing of insurance will not eliminate the risk of death or illness, it relieves the insured of the financial losses these risks bring.
There are several ways to transfer risk, such as hold harmless agreements and other contractual agreements, but the safest and most common method is to purchase insurance coverage.
3. Elements of Insurable Risks
Not all risks are insurable. As noted earlier, insurers will insure only pure risks, or those that involve only the chance of loss with no chance of gain. Furthermore, even pure risks must have certain characteristics in order to be insurable. Insurable risks involve the following characteristics:
- Due to chance: A loss that is outside the insured’s control.
- Definite and measurable: A loss that is specific as to the cause, time, place and amount. An insurer must be able to determine how much the benefit will be and when it becomes payable.
- Statistically predictable: Insurers must be able to estimate the average frequency and severity of future losses and set appropriate premium rates. (In life and health insurance, the use of mortality tables and morbidity tables allows the insurer to project losses based on statistics.)
- Not catastrophic: Insurers need to be reasonably certain their losses will not exceed specific limits. That is why insurance policies usually exclude coverage for loss caused by war or nuclear events: There is no statistical data that allows for the development of rates that would be necessary to cover losses from events of this nature.
- Randomly selected and large loss exposure: There must be a sufficiently large pool of the insured that represents a random selection of risks in terms of age, gender, occupation, health and economic status, and geographic location.
转移
处理风险的最有效方法是转移风险，以便损失由另一方承担。保险是将风险从个人或团体转移到保险公司的最常用方法。虽然购买保险不会消除死亡或疾病的风险，但它可以减轻这些风险带来的经济损失的投保人。
有几种方法可以转移风险，例如保持无害协议和其他合同协议，但最安全和最常见的方法是购买保险。
3.可保险风险的要素
并非所有风险都可以保险。如前所述，保险公司只会保证纯粹的风险，或者只涉及损失机会且没有获利机会的风险。此外，即使纯粹的风险也必须具有某些特征才能保险。可保险风险涉及以下特征：
由于猛然机会产生的风险：损失超出被保险人的控制范围。- 比如，自然灾害
确定和可衡量的：特定于原因，时间，地点和数量的损失。保险公司必须能够确定福利金额和应付金额。比如感情伤害不可衡量标准
统计上可预测：保险公司必须能够估计未来损失的平均频率和严重程度，并设定适当的保费率。 （在人寿和健康保险中，死亡率表和发病率表的使用允许保险公司根据统计数据预测损失。）
不是灾难性的：保险公司需要合理地确定他们的损失不会超过特定的限制。这就是为什么保险政策通常不包括因战争或核事件造成的损失的保险范围：没有统计数据允许制定必要的费率来支付这种性质的事件造成的损失。
随机选择和大量损失风险：必须有足够大的被保险人群，代表随机选择的风险，包括年龄，性别，职业，健康和经济状况以及地理位置。