Concepts

Perils are the causes of loss insured against in an insurance policy.

• Life insurance insures against the financial loss caused by the premature death of the insured; 
• Health insurance insures against the medical expenses and/or loss of income caused by the insured’s sickness or accidental injury;
• Property insurance insures against the loss of physical property or the loss of its income-producing abilities; 
• Casualty insurance insures against the loss and/or damage of property and resulting liabilities.

Loss is defined as the reduction, decrease, or disappearance of value of the person or property insured in a policy, caused by a named peril. Insurance provides a means to transfer loss.

Exposure is a unit of measure used to determine rates charged for insurance coverage. In life insurance, all of the following factors are considered in determining rates:

• The age of the insured;
• Medical history;
• Occupation; and 
• Sex.

A large number of units having the same or similar exposure to loss is known as homogeneous. The basis of insurance is sharing risk among the members of a large homogeneous group with similar exposure to loss.

危险事故—是保险单中保险损失的原因。

人寿保险可以保证被保险人过早死亡所造成的经济损失;

健康保险确保由被保险人的疾病或意外伤害引起的医疗费用和/或收入损失;

财产保险可以防止物质财产损失或丧失其创收能力;

意外伤害保险可以防止财产损失和/或损坏以及由此产生的责任。

损失—定义为由于命名风险而导致保单中保险人或财产的价值减少，减少或消失。保险提供了转移损失的手段。

暴露—是用于确定保险费率的计量单位。在人寿保险中，在确定费率时考虑以下所有因素：被保险人的年龄,病史,占用,和性别。

具有相同或相似损耗的大量的群体被称为同质团体。保险的基础是在具有类似损失风险的大量的同质团体成员之间分担风险。